How the Plot Pyramid Keeps Readers Turning Pages

How the Plot Pyramid Keeps Readers Turning Pages A plot diagram, plot skeleton, plot structure, or plot pyramidâ€"these are common names for a universal setup of stories that spans time periods, genres, and literary movements. In the simplest of terms, its the way humans have always told stories. When you take away the individual character traits and plot points of a certain story and narrow it down to its conflict and basic structure, youll find that most stories are the same.The reason for this is because the basic plot diagram works. It appeals to our humanity as readers and touches on experiences weve all shared, regardless of our socioeconomic status or background. Its how we analyze our own life story (subconsciously) and how we piece together connections between experiences.How it worksYou begin the story with a character. This part is known as the exposition or introduction, and in it, you learn important information that sets up the action of the story.Next, your character experiences some type of challenge or struggle. Th is is known as the rising action. This can be in the form of other people, nature or a conflict within himself/herself. The rising action can look like a heart monitor (several peaks and valleys as the character faces increasingly larger obstacles and overcomes them) or like one large peak, with the climax at the top.The climax is the point at which the character faces his greatest challenge and overcomes it. In action stories, this could be the final battle between the protagonist and antagonist. In romance, this could be the moment when all seems lost between the lovers but they suddenly find themselves in each others arms to profess their undying love.Finally, there is the resolution or the dénouement. This is the moment when life returns to normal and the reader experiences resolution along with your characters. Its a cathartic process and the reason this plot diagram works every time, in every story.Here is a plot diagram from DiagramsCharts.comThe basic building blocksSo, kno wing that there is a basic setup common to almost every story that has ever been told or written by humanity, what about the other building blocks? Are there particular traits that are important in making a story appeal to audiences?Researchers at Georgetown Universitys Center for Social Impact Communication sought to identify the five key aspects of compelling stories, and heres what they found every story should have:An effective characterThere needs to be at least one compelling character to which readers can relate. It needs to be a character that is realistic, authentic and someone readers can root for. It also should be someone who has a need that is universal (a need everyone can relate to), whether that is seeking for a real connection with someone or trying to survive.TrajectoryThe trajectory is another way to describe the rising action, climax and falling action of the plot pyramid. There needs to be an experience or journey that brings about transformation in the characte r. Think of it as a force that pulls the story forward and makes the reader want to turn the page.AuthenticityAccording to the article, If the trajectory of a story is its skeleton, then authenticity is the meat that adds critical substance to those bones. Through an authentic characters voice and/or thoughts, authors are able to create someone who is compellingâ€"someone readers would want to get to know if they encountered someone similar in real life.Action-oriented emotionsWhen you get angryâ€"really angryâ€"what actions do you show? Do you slam doors? Raise your voice? Does your voice shake?These kinds of actions are always more compelling to read about than passive ones, which is why when someone is arguing with another person in public, people will stop to listen. Its human nature to be drawn to such raw displays of emotion. The same is true of readers. Give your characters compelling, raw situations that elicit action-oriented emotions.A hookA compelling story needs to hook readers as quickly as possible and then keep them hooked. Some authors do this with a fast-paced storyline told with short chapters that end with a suspenseful moment, allowing a sense of urgency to keep readers wanting to turn the page. Other authors do this by building profound or interesting characters, dropping hints about some mysterious past or present as the story is told. Whichever method you use, keeping the reader hooked is what makes a good book impossible to put down.

Literature Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

The Theme of Isolation in Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea Compare and contrast the ways in which the writers present the theme of isolation to construct the characters of Rochester, Jane and Antoinette in Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea. The theme of isolation is utilised in English literature to shape the principal characters and provide a particular vision on some crucial aspects of their identities. The aim of this essay is to compare and contrast the ways, in which Charlotte Bronte and Jean Rhys interpret the theme of isolation to construct such characters as Rochester and Jane from the novel Jane Eyre and Antoinette from Wide Sargasso Sea. In these literary works the ideas of isolation are presented as a direct result of characters loneliness that they have experienced since early childhood, thus the writers apply both to social and inner isolation. The reality, in which these people live, is so harsh that they isolate themselves from the rest of the world. Such alienation is a complex psychological disorder that influences the formation of characters identities. Isolation results in the expulsion of a person from all social affairs and interactions, preventing him/her to become a full member of society. Although Jean Rhys utilises the similar idea of isolation as Brontes narration, she provides her own interpretation of this issue. Contrary to Bronte, the writer considers that madness of a woman is not innate, but rather is a consequence of the injured self that is formed in a person because of isolation and oppression. In this regard, isolation is perceived by characters as a certain rescue that seems to save them for a time being, but, in fact, it gradually destroys these protagonists. The fact is that the identity of a person is created through certain social and cultural interactions with people, but isolation deprives him/her of acquiring the completeness of identity. Jane Eyre and Antoinette Cosway, the principal female characters of Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea, are portrayed as ent irely isolated personalities who, despite the different background and different living conditions, experience similar loneliness and despair. Jane is a little orphan who is treated cruelly by her aunt and who is isolated from the rest of the household. When Jane is sent into Lowood Institution, her isolation is aggravated; she is transformed into a reserved and serious woman with low self-esteem and lack of hopes. Similar to Jane, Antoinettes isolation starts at home and continues in the nunnery, influencing her identity. She spends almost all time in the room and close people regard her as mad, although she acts in a rather normal way. But, contrary to Jane, such prolonged isolation results in more complex psychological destruction and further madness of Antoinette . As she claims at the beginning of the narration, no one came near us. I got used to a solitary life (Rhys 18). No one notices her and her family; instead people betray her trust and hopes. Antoinettes isolation in childhood shapes her personality, negatively influencing her adult life and relations with people. This vulnerable and emotionally destroyed woman lives in her own created world, and when Rochester, a person whom she loves, alienates from her, she can no longer endure this isolation. Antoinette seeks love and attention, but her own husband fails to understand her. Rhys reveals that Rochesters isolation cant be explained by his severity; instead he is portrayed as a destroyed personality who is forced to marry a person chosen by his family and who has to live in a place alien to him. Antoinette regards Rochesters alienation as his inability to accept something that is different from his well-ordered life and habits. As a result of Rochesters alienation, his attitude to Antoinette is sometimes negative, and gradually, she is transformed into a mad female, like her own mother, but Rhys opposes to the view that Antoinette inherits this madness from her mother. Instead, throu ghout the narration she stresses on the fact that isolation inevitably brings a woman to this psychological disorder. Antoinettes mind is split and she flees into the past, isolating herself not only from the outside world, but also from her present life. Such isolation appears to be really dangerous for such a sensitive woman, and, as Coral Howells puts it, Antoinettes moment of authenticity is also the moment of her destruction (121). In pursuit of escaping this isolation, Antoinette commits a suicide. Thus, Antoinette fails to eliminate the negative emotions and feelings that are evoked by her loneliness and isolation. Although Jane Eyre also experiences anger and scorn towards her relatives, she manages to destroy these emotions. Unlike Antoinette, this young woman who feels isolation since childhood meets a person who experiences the same loneliness, and falls in love with him. This powerful feeling saves her from despair and finally destroys her isolation, she no long er wants to alienate from people, and especially from Rochester. The relations between Jane and Rochester differ from the relations between Rochester and Antoinette; in the case of Brontes narration both characters destroy their isolation and find necessary strength in each other, they are identical in many ways and are unable to live apart. As Jane claims, I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities or even of mortal flesh; it is my spirit that addresses your spirit equal, as we are! (Bronte 238). Rochesters wives have really traumatic past that is aggravated by their isolation, but they respond differently to it. Although Jane loses her parents and is constantly ignored by society, her isolation helps her to develop some skills that provide her with necessary strength and allow her to overcome negative feelings. She becomes a mature young woman who possesses own viewpoints and who is able to evoke powerful feelings in another person. Jane ex presses her dreams and loneliness in her beautiful drawings that allow her to successfully cope with her isolation. When Jane learns about Rochesters wife, she decides to isolate herself from him, but finally she feels that he needs her and returns to him. Being an orphan, Jane understands that she has nobody to rely on, and she learns to rely only on herself. Contrary to Jane, Antoinette lives with her mother at the beginning, but she is alienated from her, because her mother is attached only to her brother, and when she loses him, she is destroyed. As a naive and lonely girl, Antoinette finds comfort in her isolation, but deep inside she strives for attention and love. When she marries Rochester, she believes and trusts him, considering that he is her closest person. But when his attitude towards her changes, she isolates herself from him, destroying their relations. According to Schapiro, Both characters are furious at being unrealised by the other (99). Unlike Jane who becomes mature in Lowood School, Antoinette remains a little child who is greatly depended on other people and who is unable to act independently. In this regard, Antoinettes madness aggravates alienation of Rochester who isolates himself even more after his unsuccessful marriage. Rochester finds it impossible to love a woman who is imposed on him, and when he starts to name her Bertha, he reveals his isolation from her. When Rochester meets Jane, he is attracted to her from the very start, but he finds it difficult to trust a woman again. He makes constant attempts to alienate from her, but he is unable to escape his feelings. Therefore, Antoinettes isolation from reality and from close people slightly differs from isolation of Jane and Rochester. Their isolation is of different nature, they are socially isolated human beings. This especially concerns Jane who is distinctly alienated from society throughout the narration. When she marries Rochester, a member of the upper cla ss, she still distances herself from others. Contrary to Antoinette who sometimes applies to provoking behaviour to attract attention of people towards her, Jane limits her relations to some close people. But unlike Antoinette, she doesnt isolate herself from reality, trying to overcome the difficulties with her powerful spirit and moral principles. Perhaps, Janes social isolation is explained by the fact that this young woman is unable to accept society that has constantly pushed her away. In childhood, instead of playing with children, Jane sits in the room in Gateshead listening to the sound of the piano or harp played below the jingling of glass the broken hum of conversation (Bronte 21).She is prohibited to enter the drawing room; only these sounds unite Jane with the world. Such isolation deprives Jane of any social interactions with other children or adults, resulting in her loneliness. As Jane claims, long did the hours seem while I awaited the departure of the comp any, and listened for the sound of Bessies step on the stairs (Bronte 22). Bessie is the only person in this house who helps Jane to endure her complex position. Further in the school Jane meets Helen Burns and Miss Temple, the persons who have greatly influenced the characters identity. Due to their close relations, Jane starts to feel warmth, love and sympathy, gradually destroying her negative feelings. Unlike Jane, Antoinette doesnt have such people in her life, thus her isolation and loneliness result in the tragic end. While Jane finally finds her identity, Antoinettes alienation complicates her relations with people. As Schapiro puts it, Rhyss novel explores a psychological condition of profound isolation and self-division (84). Antoinettes lack of identity makes her rather helpless. Jane is simply isolated from society, but Antoinette is destroyed by society, because she is depended on people that reject her. As a result of her isolation, Antoinette is unable to und erstand her true self or form definite principles. Such inner tension deprives the female character of normal life and reveals a complex position of a woman in a patriarchal world. Although Jane is portrayed in the similar social context, she manages to overcome these biases and make other people respect her. She possesses more strength and restraint than Antoinette, thats why Janes isolation doesnt destroy her, as she finds her identity. But Antoinettes inability to acquire identity deprives her of normal life and happiness. She is constantly utilised as an object, but is never accepted as a woman with willpower and strength. Thus, Antoinettes madness is a tragic sequel of her isolation. When she marries Rochester, she makes an attempt to overcome this isolation, but as Rhys claims, You can pretend for a long time, but one day it all falls away and you are alone (130). Analysing the ways in which the writers present the theme of isolation to construct the characters of Roc hester, Jane and Antoinette from Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea, the essay suggests that Bronte and Rhys provide both similar and different interpretations of this issue. Jane and Antoinette are brought up in the similar environment and are constantly isolated from society. It is in this isolation that these young women find necessary solace from the cruel reality, but, though this isolation seems rescued for a while, it finally negatively influences the characters identity. Due to the fact that isolation of these characters is of different nature, their destinies are also different. Jane is socially isolated throughout the narration, but she manages to find her identity and overcome negative feelings, and, although she is still alienated from the rest of society, she is very close with some people who love her. Antoinette is not only socially isolated, but she is also mentally isolated from reality. Contrary to Jane, she fails to acquire her identity; as a result, isolation and loneliness finally destroy her mind and make her commit a suicide. The lack of social relations and solitude of Antoinette deprive her of the possibility to recognise her true self. Her sensitive nature wants attention and love, but when she fails to receive them, she creates an unreal world, isolating herself even from her husband. Rochester is also isolated from society and from Antoinette, but his isolation is connected with his inability to accept an imposed marriage and everything that is different from his well-ordered existence. Rochesters attempts to isolate himself from Jane reveal that he is afraid of powerful feelings; as his marriage with one woman fails, he alienates from other females as well. Besides, Rochester is fully ignored by his own family, thus all three principal characters are isolated in one way or another, either from society or from reality.

Essay on The Causes of the Civil War - 1496 Words

The Causes of the Civil War In 1642, Civil War broke out in England, Parliament against the King. Civil War is said to be the worst kind of war because it is when a country fights against itself and unfortunately, this was the case in England. Many familys were torn apart and many people were killed but how had this happened? How had a great country gone so low that they would have to fight themselves? How had England gone into Civil War? This is what we are going to find out. King Charles got off to a bad start. England was a protestant country and so, you would expect him to marry a protestant, but he did not. Charles married Henrietta Maria, a French Catholic, in 1625. This was bad†¦show more content†¦He ruled without them for 11years, until 1640. Some say that Britain was happy during this time and others say that Charles polices, his taxes and religious reforms, during this time made him very unpopular and were one of the main reasons why we had Civil War. I am for Charles but I think this was a bad move. Here are Charles policies: Money- Charles had to find a new method of raising money and one method he used was Ship Money. This tax was usually paid by coastal counties in time of war to improve the navy. In 1634, Charles started asking coastal counties for ship money even though the navy didnt need any improvements and it wasnt time of war and in 1635, Ship Money was taken from inland counties too. It looked like Charles wanted this tax to become permanent even though it was very unpopular but people paid it and Charles got his money so, to him, the ship money tax was successful! Religion- Charles and Archbishop Laud started making changes to the Church of England in 1630. They said they were trying to improve it but lots of people, particularly the puritans, thought they were trying to turn their Protestant church into a Catholic one and the fact that Charles wife was Catholic didnt help! Archbishop Laud and King Charles started decorating the churches and thought that this would make the people feel closer to god and theyShow MoreRelatedCauses of the Civil War951 Words   |  4 PagesCAUSE OF THE CIVIL WAR In 1860, the world s greatest nation was locked in Civil War. The war divided the country between the North and South. There were many factors that caused this war, but the main ones were the different interpretations of the Constitution by the North and South, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the arrival of Lincoln in office. These factors were very crucial in the bringing upon of the destruction of the Union. They caused immediate war. In 1791, the tenth amendment wasRead MoreThe Causes Of The Civil War1016 Words   |  5 Pages In 1861, a Civil War broke out in the United States when the South declared their independence from the Union.  There is a great amount of reasons that people can argue how the Civil War was started. 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The country had been avoiding the disputes that would later become the causes of the civil war for decades. The Mexican War is proof that the issue of slavery was put on hold by President James K. PolkRead MoreCause of the Civil War1296 Words   |  6 PagesHistory 11 12/17/2006 The root causes and precipitating events that led to the Civil War (1861-1865) The Civil War between northern and southern states was a consequence of contradictions of two social systems inside the country. At the basis of these contradictions was a question of slavery, completely determining economic and political interests of South. North strived to enforce Federal government power to protect their own economic stability. As a result the South wanted a separationRead MoreCauses of the Civil War1489 Words   |  6 PagesThe Causes Of The Civil War The Political War The North and South fought over politics, mainly the idea of slavery. Basically the South wanted and needed it and the North did not want it at all. 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Major Depression Disorder An Advocate For The Change Of...

Major Depression Disorder has been a constant struggle for human beings with the first appearance dating all the way back to the second millennium B.C. This disorder was formerly known as â€Å"melancholia† and looked to as a spiritual illness where demons and evil spirits would possess the body. It wasn’t until the late 19th and early 20th century when melancholia took on a new name and idea, depression. Psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin became an advocate for the change of title and his influence has led to the increased understanding of mental illness (Bar). In order to be diagnosed with MDD, within a two-week period five or more of the following symptoms must be present: depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, significant weight loss or†¦show more content†¦Things like self-esteem, loneliness, self-doubt, and depression can often be factors some are forced to face (Michael, pg. 61). As it is the second leading cause of death and affects approximately 14.8 m illion people 18 years old and above, it is no surprise that college and university students are faced with this growing epidemic. According to the American College Health Association’s National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA), the number of students diagnosed with depression had increased over a four-year span. In 2000, the ACHA-NCHA reported 10.3% of students suffering with depression and by 2004 that same time of year, 14.9% reported depression across 74 campuses in the U.S. with a sample size of 47,202. For this research we will explore the power of meditation relaxation and the effects it has on treating college students suffering from depression. Two groups will be randomly assigned to one of two conditions: meditation-relaxation technique training or pseudo-relaxation training. Our independent variable is one of the two conditions and our dependent variable will be scores received from the Beck Depression Inventory. Based on past research with similar studies, it is hypothesized that the group receiving meditation-relaxation technique training will report lower rates of depression than the group receiving

Symbols Add A Level Of Depth That Can Help The Reader To

Symbols add a level of depth that can help the reader to see beyond what the author has provided and into the lives of the characters themselves. Furthermore, analyzing symbols can help expand the reader’s knowledge of what certain actions or evens can mean during the play. Symbols can be found throughout both Trifles and Othello, and each one helps further the plot or enhance characterization in some way. Susan Glaspell and William Shakespeare both use powerful symbols to further the plot and enhance character development. In Trifles, one of the most important symbols play is the birdcage that Mrs. Wright had stashed away within her kitchen. During the play, both Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters are discussing the tragedy that had befallen the†¦show more content†¦Wright. One of the first mentions is made by Mrs. Hale, when she states that Mrs. Wright â€Å"used to sing real pretty herself† (Glaspell 857). She’s implying that while Mrs. Wright used to sing, she no longer does. This further proven when Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters find the strangled bird, and Mrs. Hale points out that Mr. Wright would have never let such a creature that sang dwell in his household. Mrs. Hale implies that Mr. Wright ultimately kills anything that sings in his presence. Not only does the bird represent who Mrs. Wright used to be, its current state represents who Mrs. Wright became to be; Mr. Wright strangled the beautiful spirit right out of her, leaving nothing but an empty husk of her former self. On the other hand, while Glaspell’s symbols seem to represent her characters, Shakespeare represents the struggles that his characters are experiencing throughout Othello. The first symbol that can be noted within the famous play is that handkerchief that Othello gave to Desdemona. Othello shares with Desdemona the original representation by recounting the story of how it came to be in his family’s possession: Did an Egyptian to my mother give. She was a charmer, and could almost read The thoughts of people. She told her, while she kept it ’Twould make her amiable and subdue my father Entirely to her love. But if she lost it Or made a gift of it, my father’s eye Should hold her loathà ¨d and his spirits shouldShow MoreRelatedLiterary Elements of The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe1247 Words   |  5 Pagesdark and gloomy. This can be seen both in his prose and in his poetry. Poe’s writings are sometimes considered bizarre as the writer himself, but in fact they are profoundly artistically developed. His literary creations are perfect examples of Romantic and Gothic literature. In them he explores the world of the human mind, including the imagination and dreams. He wants the reader to be able to fully envision the scene as if he was there in the story. A good example of this can be found in his poemRead MoreBeowulf: Themes1038 Words   |  5 Pagesand a Dragon. 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Al though Hawthorne sets the time of the story, he excludes the place. This way, the narrator can cut out the wider world from the story. This helps create the closed and remoted environment Aylmer and Georgiana live. By making The Birthmark placeless, the narrator offers no context that might place Aylmer and Georgiana in the community. Symbols are heavily used throughout The Birthmark. One of the most significant symbols is the birthmark itself.

Discrimination Case Heart of Atlanta Motel Versus the...

Critical Legal Thinking: Introduction The US Constitution (Article I Section 8 Clause 3) gives Congress the power to regulate both interstate and intrastate commerce. Normally, only the Federal government interferes with business activity within a state while one would expect Congress to deal with the larger interstate matters. As in the article, Congress’ powers extend to any matters of commerce within the state that collide with regulations of interstate trade. Otherwise, the clause would contradict itself in allowing commerce within the state to somewhat go against rules and regulations governing commerce among the states. Case in point: Heart of Atlanta Motel vs. United States The motel owner challenged this power as unconstitutional. The reason behind this claim is both business oriented and ethical. The motel failed to provide accommodation to blacks, which is outright discrimination based on race. Perhaps most customers were white travelers who provided enough investment returns excluding returns from black customers. For this racist decision to stand, it provided better business environment to the owner. In 1964, such discrimination was common. This decision pleased white customers, who were the majority, hence more income for the owner. This constituted the motive behind filing a case and even appealing to The Supreme Court after The District Court’s ruling failed to satisfy. Such discrimination, however, failed to consider benefits of doing business with theShow MoreRelatedThe Constitutionality Of The Public Accommodations Equal Access Act764 Words   |  4 Pages in the year 2021, the atmosphere surrounding gay and lesbian citizens in the United States had grown increasingly hostile. In response to this Congress passed a new law entitled the public accommodations equal access Act. this law which will be referred herein as PAEAA, Was created in order to forbid discrimination regarding sexual orientation in many economic zones including hotels motels restaurant in any sort of eating establishments that include bars barbershops gasoline stations in entertainmentRead MoreMgmt 330 Mid Term Study Guide966 Words   |  4 Pagesgovernment’s obligation to protect its citizens versus a citizen’s right to speech. In other words, if government suppresses speech it must be to protect the citizens. EX. Don’t yell fire in a crowded area. See bel ow. * If restriction is content neutral, restrictions must target some societal problem – not to primarily suppress the message. (Corporate); -Political speech by corporations is protected by the First Amendment. -In Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) the SupremeRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesEdition Reed−Lajoux and others . . . This book was printed on recycled paper. Management http://www.mhhe.com/primis/online/ Copyright  ©2005 by The McGraw−Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher. This McGraw−HillRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pagesincluding photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, must be arranged with the individual copyright holders noted. This special edition published in cooperation with Pearson Custom Publishing. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Please visit our web site at www.pearsoncustom.com ISBN 0–536–72690–6 BA 996748 PEARSON CUSTOM PUBLISHING 75 Arlington Street, Suite 300 Boston, MA 02116 A Pearson Education Company iii iv Table ofRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 Pagesorganization E) good Answer: A Page Ref: 6 Objective: 2 AACSB: Analytic skills Difficulty: Easy 11) Janet is very upset that she cant get tickets to the Rolling Stones concert because they are sold out. Which of the following demand states applies to Janets situation? A) nonexistent demand B) latent demand C) full demand D) unwholesome demand E) overfull demand Answer: E Page Ref: 8 Objective: 2 AACSB: Analytic skills Difficulty: Moderate 12) Sales of woollen clothing

Driving Safety and Distractions Free Essays

Research question: driving safety and types of distractions Hypothesis: Driving safe and trying to avoid distractions can prevent thousands of accidents each year. People tend to let things like music, phones, makeup, and other things distract their driving. Acting more safely can prevent alot. We will write a custom essay sample on Driving Safety and Distractions or any similar topic only for you Order Now The null hypothesis would be that it really doesn’t matter about the distractions it is up to the person to drive safe. The number of participants that i will use for this research is thirty. The inclusion characteristics will be age, gender, and three different types of distractions. I on’t think there will be no exclusion characteristics considering the study is using age and gender as well as different distraction characteristics. Yes the sample nedds to be diverse because we are studying driving between male and females. We are also studying the adult and teenager age groups against the different distractions that we intend to use. The type of sampling method that I will be using is stratisfied random sampling. This sampling is appropiate because i will be randomly selecting participants from each group so that their presentation in the sample is proportional to the epresentation in te population. I will generalize my sample to the male and female population. I wil l also use the teenage and adult groups. I will also generalize between the different types of distractions and there affect. The independent variables in my study will be men versues women. The dependent variable would the types of distractions that causes a person not to drive safely. I will be using the one-way annova test. This test is appropiate to use with the number of distractions being tested which will be three or more caterogories to compare against. The reliablity of this study is based off of the participants and how they react to the types of distractions. The validity would be how valid the distractions are to get a reaction out of the participants. For this study I will be using observational research in determing driving and types of distractions. I would set up a car simulation. Each participant would be driving and I would add a distraction to the experiment to observe the reaction of the person. I will also use data from different driving accidents to see what caused it and the age and gender of the person. Descriptive research si the deisgn being used. This research is good because I am using observational research and some archival data. The basic procedure that I will go through is to randomly pick male and females some that are teens and some adults. I will set upa car simulation and have each one drive and then present different distractions to see how they react. I can also see what was the one distractions that had the greatest effect and the one that had the least effect. Some ethical issues could be the race of the subjects, the area in which they live, health and mental issues. References: Occupational driver safety: Conceptualising a leadership-based intervention to improve safe driving performance[-0] Newnam, Sharon; Lewis, Ioni; Watson, Barry. Accident Analysis Prevention (0001-4575) March 2012. Iss. Volume 45;p. 29-38 Source: Science Direct[-1] Teens Receive Grant to Develop Safe Driving Campaigns. [-2] Professional Safety (0099-0027) Oct2011. Vol. 56,Iss. 10;p. 29-29 Source: Academic Search Elite[-3] Protext Mobility Releases DriveAlert Safe Driving Solution for Android to Combat Distracted Driving[-4] Anonymous. Wireless News 2011-08-04. Source: Telecommunications (ProQuest)[-5] .Automotive; Safe Driving Starts with Safe Thinking[-6] Anonymous. Transportation Business Journal (1945-8436) 2011-07-03. Source: Military Collection[-7] Road safe seniors: Screening for age-related driving disorders in inpatient and outpatient settings[-8] Hill, Linda; Rybar, Jill; Baird, Sara; Concha-Garcia, Susanna; Coimbra, Raul; Patrick, Kevin. Journal of Safety Research (0022-4375) 2011-06-01. Vol. 42,Iss. 3;p. 165 Source: Research Library Complete (ProQuest)[-9] Older and Younger Drivers’ Beliefs about Motor Vehicle Features to Benefit Their Safe Driving[-;10] Soyun Kim ; Michael S. Wogalter ; Christopher B. Mayhorn. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting September 2010. Vol. 54,Iss. 2;p. 160 – 164 Source: SAGE Journals Online[-;11] .Safe Driving Systems, LLC; Texting While Driving: Danger Eliminated with New Technology[-;12] Anonymous. Computer Business Week (1944-1541) 2010-04-08. Source: Science Journals[-;13] Age and gender differences in risky driving: The roles of positive affect and risk perception. Rhodes, Nancy; Pivik, Kelly Accident Analysis Prevention (0001-4575) May 2011. Vol. 43, Iss. 3; p. 923-931 Source: Science Direct Age, skill, and Hazard perception in driving Borowsky, Avinoam; Shinar, David; Oron-Gilad, Tal Accident Analysis Prevention (0001-4575) July 2010. Vol. 42, Iss. 4; p. 1240-1249 Source: Science Direct Mixed Signals on cellphone bans; Safety group seeks more data as states limit driving distractions Larry Copeland, USA Today 07 Jul 2011 Source: eLibrary Road Safety Program geared to students/ Driving distractions stressed at schools Magee, Maureen The San Diego Union- Tribune(1063-102x) 2009-10-22 Source: Newsstand Safety Campaign highlights Danger of Driving Distractions US FED NEWS Service, Including US State News 2009-06-03 Source: Research Library Complete Soglesby_M3:Assignment 2 [-;0] – http://www. sciencedirect. com. libproxy. edmc. edu/science? _ob=GatewayURL=citationSearch=4=SERIALSCENT=1=S0001-4575%2811%2900306-X=f657769fe706b77650817f650bfd1ffe [-;1] – http://www. sciencedirect. com. libproxy. edmc. edu/college [-;2] – http://search. ebscohost. com. ibproxy. edmc. edu/login. aspx? direct=true=afh=ehost-live=67047843 [-;3] – http://search. ebscohost. com. libproxy. edmc. edu/login. aspx? authtype=ip,uid=ehost=afh [-;4] – http://search. proquest. com. libproxy. edmc. edu/docview/880973357/citation/embedded/67K6C70KVQ8HHTJI? source=fedsrch [-;5] – http://search. proquest. com. libproxy. edmc. edu/telecomms [-;6] – http://search. proquest. com. libproxy. edmc. edu/docview /873326956/abstract/embedded/05S33OPH125WJ575? source=fedsrch [-;7] – http://search. proquest. com. libproxy. dmc. edu/military/ [-;8] – http://search. proquest. com. libproxy. edmc. edu/docview/886697220/abstract/embedded/YEPZ7R2PIKHVRMP5? source=fedsrch [-;9] – http://search. proquest. com. libproxy. edmc. edu/pqrl [-;10] – http://pro. sagepub. com. libproxy. edmc. edu/cgi/content/abstract/54/2/160 [-;11] – http://online. sagepub. com. libproxy. edmc. edu/ [-;12] – http://search. proquest. com. libproxy. edmc. edu/docview/198002167/abstract/embedded/67K6C70KVQ8HHTJI? source=fedsrch [-;13] – http://search. proquest. com. libproxy. edmc. edu/sciencejournals How to cite Driving Safety and Distractions, Papers